Python Interview Questions 2025

Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. It is known for its simplicity, readability, and versatility. Python has gained massive popularity due to its ease of use and vast ecosystem, making it a preferred choice for beginners and professionals alike.

Why is Python Popular?

Easy to Learn & Use – Python’s syntax is clean and human-readable.
Interpreted Language – No need for compilation, making development faster.
Versatile – Used in web development, data science, machine learning, automation, and more.
Strong Community Support – Extensive libraries and frameworks with continuous updates.
Cross-Platform Compatibility – Runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux.

Key Features of Python

Python offers several unique features that make it a powerful programming language:

Dynamically Typed – No need to declare variable types.
Object-Oriented & Functional – Supports multiple programming paradigms.
Extensive Standard Library – Comes with built-in modules for file handling, networking, and more.
High-Level Language – Focus on logic rather than complex syntax.
Scalability – Used in small scripts to large enterprise applications.

Why Learn Python?

Python is one of the most in-demand programming languages. Here’s why you should learn it:

Beginner-Friendly – Simple syntax makes it easy to start coding.
High Demand in Industry – Used in data science, AI, web development, and automation.
Job Opportunities – Python developers are in high demand with lucrative salaries.
Large Ecosystem – Thousands of third-party libraries for various applications.
Great for Rapid Prototyping – Quickly build and test applications.

Python Use Cases & Applications

Python is widely used across different industries:

1. Web Development

Frameworks: Django, Flask, FastAPI
Used for building dynamic websites, APIs, and backend services.

2. Data Science & Machine Learning

Libraries: NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-Learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch
Used for data analysis, visualization, and AI model development.

3. Automation & Scripting

Automate repetitive tasks using Selenium, BeautifulSoup, Requests.

4. Cybersecurity & Ethical Hacking

Used for penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and network security.

5. Game Development

Game engines like Pygame are used for developing simple to complex games.

6. Internet of Things (IoT)

Python is used to program microcontrollers like Raspberry Pi, Arduino.

7. GUI Development

Build desktop applications using Tkinter, PyQt, Kivy.

Python Learning Resources

Learning Python doesn't have to be overwhelming. Here are some carefully selected resources to help you get started:

Official Documentation

Python.org Official Documentation : The authoritative reference for Python

Best Book for Beginners

Python Crash Course by Eric Matthes : A hands-on, project-based introduction to programming that's perfect for beginners

Community Support

Lets Code : A friendly community where you can ask questions and get help

Quick Reference

Python Cheat Sheet : Handy reference for Python syntax and common operations

Python Interview Questions

Python Fundamentals

What is Python?
What are the benefits of using Python language as a tool in the present scenario?
Is Python a compiled language or an interpreted language?
How Python is interpreted?
What is an Interpreted language?
What is a dynamically typed language?
What is PEP 8 and why is it important?
What does the '#' symbol do in Python?
Is Indentation Required in Python?

Data Types and Structures

What is the difference between a Mutable datatype and an Immutable data type?
What are Built-in data types in Python?
What are the common built-in data types in Python?
What is the difference between a Set and Dictionary?
How is a dictionary different from a list?
What are lists and tuples? What is the key difference between the two?
Differentiate between List and Tuple?
What is the difference between Python Arrays and lists?
What are negative indexes and why are they used?
What is slicing in Python?

Control Flow and Functions

What is a pass in Python?
What is the difference between / and // in Python?
What is a break, continue, and pass in Python?
Difference between for loop and while loop in Python?
What is a lambda function?
What are lambda functions?
How are arguments passed by value or by reference in Python?
Can we Pass a function as an argument in Python?
What are *args and **kwargs?
What is the use of self in Python?
What is the main function in Python? How do you invoke it?

Comprehensions and Generators

What is List Comprehension? Give an Example.
What is Dictionary Comprehension? Give an Example.
What are Dict and List comprehensions?
Is Tuple Comprehension? If yes, how, and if not why?
What are generators in Python?
What are Generators in Python?
What is the difference between yield and return?
What are iterators in Python?
What are Iterators in Python?

Scope and Namespaces

What is a Variable Scope in Python?
What is Scope in Python?
What is Scope Resolution in Python?
What are Python namespaces? Why are they used?
What is a namespace in Python?
What is PYTHONPATH in Python?
Define PYTHONPATH.
What is docstring in Python?

Memory Management

How is memory managed in Python?
How is memory management done in Python?
What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?
How do you copy an object in Python?
Differentiate between deep and shallow copies.
What is the difference between deepcopy and copy?
What is the purpose of the weakref module?
What are Python's memory optimization techniques?

Object-Oriented Programming

What is init() in Python and how does self play a role in it?
What is init?
What is init method in python?
What is the use of self in Python?
How do you create a class in Python?
How is an empty class created in python?
Define encapsulation in Python?
How do you do data abstraction in Python?
What are Access Specifiers in Python?
What are global, protected and private attributes in Python?
Are access specifiers used in python?
Does Python support multiple Inheritance?
How does inheritance work in python? Explain it with an example.
How will you check if a class is a child of another class?
How do you access parent members in the child class?
Is it possible to call parent class without its instance creation?
What is Polymorphism in Python?
What are decorators in Python?
What are Decorators?
What are metaclasses in Python?
Why is finalize used?
Differentiate between new and override modifiers.

Modules and Packages

What are modules and packages in Python?
What is PIP?
Define PIP.
What are some of the most commonly used built-in modules in Python?
Differentiate between a package and a module in python.
What is the difference between .py and .pyc files?
What is the use of help() and dir() functions?

File Handling

How to delete a file using Python?
Explain how to delete a file in Python?
Explain how can you make a Python Script executable on Unix?

Advanced Features and Tools

Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?
Define GIL.
What is the difference between @classmethod, @staticmethod, and instance methods in Python?
What are Function Annotations in Python?
What are unit tests in Python?
How do you debug a Python program?
Are there any tools for identifying bugs and performing static analysis in python?
Which sorting technique is used by sort() and sorted() functions of python?
What is the difference between xrange and range functions?
What is the difference between xrange and range in Python?
What is monkey patching in Python?

Data Processing and Special Features

What is a zip function?
Explain split() and join() functions in Python?
Can you easily check if all characters in the given string is alphanumeric?
How can you generate random numbers?
What are Pickling and Unpickling?
What is pickling and unpickling?
What are the differences between pickling and unpickling?
What is the difference between a coroutine and a normal function?
What are Exception Groups in Python?
What is Python Switch Statement?
What is Walrus Operator?

NumPy

What do you understand by NumPy?
How are NumPy arrays advantageous over python lists?
What are the steps to create 1D, 2D and 3D arrays?
How will you find the shape of any given NumPy array?
How will you reverse the numpy array using one line of code?
How will you find the nearest value in a given numpy array?
How will you sort the array based on the Nth column?
How will you read CSV data into an array in NumPy?
How will you efficiently load data from a text file?
You are given a numpy array and a new column as inputs. How will you delete the second column and replace the column with a new column value?

Pandas

What do you know about pandas?
Define pandas dataframe.
How will you combine different pandas dataframes?
Can you create a series from the dictionary object in pandas?
How will you identify and deal with missing values in a dataframe?
What do you understand by reindexing in pandas?
How to add new column to pandas dataframe?
How will you delete indices, rows and columns from a dataframe?
How will you get the items that are not common to both the given series A and B?
While importing data from different sources, can the pandas library recognize dates?
Can you get items of series A that are not available in another series B?

Interviews